Hematology is the study of blood and its disorders. Hematologists, board-certified internists, look specifically at blood components such as blood count, and blood and bone marrow cells. Hematological tests can help diagnose anemia, hemophilia, blood-clotting disorders, and leukemia.
 
There are many Hematology & Blood Disorders that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional and they include anemias, thalassemias, bleeding / clotting disorders, hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia, leukemias
and lymphomas.

The first step in identifying blood disorders is a general CBC or complete blood count that includes:

• white blood cell count (WBC)
• red blood cell count (RBC)
• platelet count
• hematocrit red blood cell volume (HCT)
• hemoglobin concentration (HB) - the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells
• differential blood count

This test helps in diagnosing anemia, certain cancers of the blood, and to monitor blood loss and infection. A platelet count is done to diagnose and/or monitor bleeding and clotting disorders.

A test called Prothrombin time (PT) is done to evaluate bleeding and clotting disorders and to monitor anticoagulation (anti-clotting) therapies 

A urinalysis includes physical examination of color, pH level, and gravity; chemical analysis for blood, proteins, glucose, and other substances; and microscopic examination of the red and white blood cells, bacteria, and other substances to help diagnose kidney and urinary tract infections (UTI) and other diseases of the urinary tract.